The increasing awareness and the quest for newer materials have given renewed interest to the development of green composites. This article focuses on the potential use of abundantly available waste agricultural residue for the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties of Rice straw fibers reinforced with Polyester resin, Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic polyester resin are studied and compared. Hand Layup technique is used to prepare the samples on which flexural and impact studies are made. Samples are made using different volumetric compositions of fiber and resin. The results show that the Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic resin offer good mechanical properties when compared to the polyester resin. Both these resins show similar behavior with respect fiber loading. The flexural strength decreases with increasing fiber loading for polyester resin and increasing trend is observed for both vinyl ester and isophthalic resin. Impact strength increases for the increase in fiber loading up to a certain limit and then decreases. It can be concluded from this study that the agro-waste materials are attractive reinforcements from the standpoint of their mechanical properties.

Numerous evacuation models are developed since decade ago in order to offer an appropriate design to estimate the required time for evacuating from a variety of places with various conditions. Thus, high rise traffic buildings found in governmental or huge company are essential to accurately evaluate the require time for evacuation process in order to ensure the safety of pedestrians. Thus, in order to fulfil this requirement, various models in pedestrian dynamics system, either as a whole or only in psychological interaction among pedestrians is developed during the past decade until now. However, most of the existing models only discussed their application in ground level with limited number of pedestrian and without the presence staircase. Therefore, this paper presents a model that simulates a large-scale pedestrian evacuation process in a high rise building, and provides some recommendation for improving the evacuation flow and increase public safety. From the simulation results, it shows that our proposed design for the study area improved in both the evacuation times and flow.

In this article we give a Navier-Stokes like equation with complex variables starting from Schrodinger equation. Two emerging quantities, alpha – describing the force density- and Omega-describing the current density rotation- are found. The flow processes two dimensional characteristics. A definition of pressure arises. The terms in this equation are well separated in real and imaginary parts. The article might be said to give some justification in favour of the ether. What is primary in all these is the description of the velocity in terms of the gradient of an unknown quantity, the wave function.

Radial Basis Probabilistic Neural Network (RBPNN) has a broader generalized capability that been successfully applied to multiple fields. In this paper, the Euclidean distance of each data point in RBPNN is extended by calculating its kernel-induced distance instead of the conventional sum-of squares distance. The kernel function is a generalization of the distance metric that measures the distance between two data points as the data points are mapped into a high dimensional space. During the comparing of the four constructed classification models with Kernel RBPNN, Radial Basis Function networks, RBPNN and Back-Propagation networks as proposed, results showed that, model classification on Iris Data with Kernel RBPNN display an outstanding performance in this regard.

This paper presents a three phase nine level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with RL load. A sinusoidal and trapezoidal PWM method is used to achieve minimum total harmonics distortion (THD) in the output current of multilevel inverters. The analysis of the output current harmonics is carried out and compared with the seven level conventional cascaded H-bridge inverters. The proposed inverter is verified through simulation and the simulation results are compared with the conventional multilevel inverter. From the result the proposed inverter offers much less total harmonic distortion.

Multi drug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus are on rise and are becoming a challenge for timely and appropriate treatment. The present study was carried out with an objective to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples and determine their sensitivity. Out of 110 samples collected, 44 were shown to contained S. aureus. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests using 10 different and commonly used antibiotics by modified Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of the total isolates (42) tested, only 7.1% were susceptible to all the antibiotics. Multiple resistance was eminent in over 92% with highest occurrence in 4.8% where the entire antibiotics were resisted. Multiple antibiotic resistance indixes (MAR index) indicated that 0.6 index occurred most (23.8%) followed by 0.5 (19.0%). On the other hand, 0.1 and 0.8 indexes were the lowest with 0.0% and 1.0% occurrence respectively. Ciprofloxacin was resisted by most of the organisms (64.3%) while amoxicillin (64.3%) and streptomycin (61.9%) were most efficacious. With over 90% isolate having MAR index = 0.2, the multiple drug resistance by the S. aureus is quite alarming and might suggest inappropriate antibiotic usage by the sampled population. Therefore, the need to strategize the nature of antibiotic treatment against S. aureus and massive campaign on indiscriminate antibiotic use is urgent.

As We’ve known for a while that the Internet is classified as a result of the race to optimise existing applications or en- hance security. Sometimes NATs, performance-enhancing-proxies, firewalls and traffic normalizers are only a few of the middle- boxes that are deployed in the network and look beyond the IP header to do their job. IP itself can’t be extended because "IP options are not an option" [1]. Is the same true for TCP? In this Research we develop a methodology for evaluating middlebox behavior relating to TCP extensions and present the results of measurements conducted from multiple Survival points. The shortest answer is that Yes we can still extend TCP, but extensions’ design is very constrained as it needs to take into account prevalent middlebox behaviors. For instance, absolute sequence numbers cannot be embedded in options, as middleboxes can rewrite ISN and preserve undefined options. Sequence numbering also must be consistent for a TCP connection, because many middleboxes only allow through contiguous ?ows. We used these findings to analyze three proposed extensions to TCP. We find that MPTCP is likely to work correctly in the Internet or fall-back to regular TCP. TcpCrypt seems ready to be deployed, however it is fragile if resegmentation does happen for instance with hardware of?oad. Finally, TCP extended options in its current form is not safe to deploy.

Health seeking behavior and utilization of maternal healthcare services are proximate factors that influence maternal morbidity and mortality in any society. We therefore assessed the pattern of health seeking behavior and types of maternal healthcare services utilized by women of the reproductive age in parts of Southeastern Nigeria. A cross sectional descriptive method involving the use of a well-structured pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from 521 randomly selected women between the ages of 15-49 years. Informed oral consent was obtained from these women prior to their recruitment for the study. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The mean age of the respondents was 32± 0.07620 years and most(50.5%) attained secondary education. There was a significant relationship between healthcare services and mother’s age (p<0.000) with women between 29-35yrs (52.2%) utilizing healthcare services more than those in other age groups. Place of residence (r =0.568, p=.001) and religion (r = 0.784, p=0.001) were also significantly associated with health seeking behaviour. About 58% of the respondents understood that good maternal healthcare can reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. Our findings showed good health seeking behaviour and service utilization in the study area despite the identified hindering factors. These underscore the need to empower women of reproductive age as well as to put mechanisms in place that will increase their access to quality maternal health care services.

An existing dynamic cellular automaton (CA) model is modified for simulating the hallway area evacuation experiment. In this proposed model, some basic parameters that plays and important role in evacuation process such as human psychology and pedestrian density around exits are considered. From the simulation and experimental results obtained, it shows that the modification provides a reasonable improvement as pedestrian also tends to select exit route according to occupant density around the exits area besides considering the spatial distance to exits. The studies on pedestrian density effects on speed during the evacuation process are performed. Comparison for both the experiment and simulation results verifies that the proposed model is able to effectively reproduce the experiment. The proposed CA model improvement is valuable for more extensive application study and aid the architectural design to increase public safety. Hence, we conclude our paper by presenting some of the application from the proposed model in conjunction to forecast the particular adjustment to the hallway area that would improve the output of the model.

This research paper aims at investigating disturbance rejection associated with a highly oscillating second-order process. The PD-PI controller having three parameters are tuned to provide efficient rejection of a step input disturbance input. Controller tuning based on using MATLAB control and optimization toolboxes. Using the suggested tuning technique, it is possible to reduce the maximum time response of the closed loop control system to as low as 0.0095 and obtain time response to the disturbance input having zero settling time. The effect of the proportional gain of the PD-PI controller on the control system dynamics is investigated for a gain = 100. The performance of the control system during disturbance rejection using the PD-PI controller is compared with that using a second-order compensator. The PD-PI controller is superior in dealing with the disturbance rejection associated with the highly oscillating second-order process.

This work is based on a previous published hypothesis which proposed that the solid matter of the universe can be represented as a vibrational wave of energy propagating over an ether or matrix through a mechanism that scrambles the degree of duality in matter: x% localized (solid), y% delocalized (wave). The main purpose of this paper is to present a two dimensional approximation of the three dimensional structure of the shape of the energy distribution of an atomic orbital to propose a mechanism through which the orbital can be transported as a vibration from a point A to point B in the matrix. This process requires cycles or oscillations of mounting-dismounting-remounting in which what travels from point A to point B is the energy forming the orbital and not the solid matter that it can form. The atomic seven dimensional f orbital of hydrogen-like atoms is used as a model to show an analogy to the transformations that it can be submitted to when transported over the matrix. The eight lobes or petals of the f-3 and f+3 sub-orbitals that are allowed by quantum rules to form solidity in matter are approximated with the polar equation r=sin(100*?). Successive multiplication of the angle ? by the values 101 to 139 generates harmonic structures that here are interpreted as shapes of the orbitals that are not allowed by quantum rules to form solid objects. The initial shape approximated by r=sin(100*?) is re-generated by r=sin(140*?). This result suggests that the transportation of the orbitals from point A (r=sin(100*?)) to point B (r=sin(140*?) may involve a transition state of forty changes in the structure that cannot form solid matter. Mathematical study of the associated dr/d? derivatives of each function reveals an underlying order of changes in symmetry and the appearance of a gene-like structure of the mechanism that includes tandem repeats and palindrome sequences. Further discussion considers interpreting the transportation mechanism through templates controlled by quantum coherence and decoherence, and future areas of study.

Amorphous-nano-crystalline silicon composite thin films (a-nc-Si:H) samples were synthesized by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition technique. The measurement of DC conductivities was accomplished using Dielectric spectroscopy (Impedance Spectroscopy) in wide frequency and temperature range. In analysis of impedance data, two approaches were tested: the Debye type equivalent circuit with two parallel R and CPEs (constant phase elements) and modified one, with tree parallel R and CPEs including crystal grain boundary effects. It was found that the later better fits to experimental results properly describes crystal grains dielectric effect and hydrogen concentration indicating presence of strain. The amorphous matrix showed larger resistance and lower capacity than nano-crystal phase. Also it was found that composite silicon thin film cannot be properly described by equivalent circuit only with resistors and constant phase elements in serial relation.

Possible methods of providing further (and perhaps better) alternative solutions for the exponential integral of aquifer parameter evaluation are investigated. Three known mathematical methods of approach (comprising self-similar, separable variable and travelling wave) are applied, providing three relevant solutions. Further analysis of the self-similar solution reveals that this provides an alternative solution involving normal graph of drawdown versus the measurement intervals. The geomathematical relevance of this method is assessed using data from aquifers from two chronologically different hydrogeological units – the Ajalli Sandstone and Ogwashi-Asaba Formation. The results indicate good functional relationship with satisfactory transmissivity values..

The Special Problems of E-geometry consist the , Mould Quantization , of Euclidean Geometry in it , to become ? Monad , through mould of Space –Anti-space in itself , which is the material dipole in inner monad Structure as the Electromagnetic cycloidal field ? Linearly , through mould of Parallel Theorem [44-45], which are the equal distances between points of parallel and line ? In Plane , through mould of Squaring the circle [46] , where the two equal and perpendicular monads consist a Plane acquiring the common Plane-meter ? and in Space (volume) , through mould of the Duplication of the Cube [46] , where any two Unequal perpendicular monads acquire the common Space-meter to be twice each other , as analytically all methods are proved and explained . [39-41]. The Unification of Space and Energy becomes through [STPL] Geometrical Mould Mechanism of Elements , the minimum Energy-Quanta , In monads ? Particles , Anti-particles , Bosons , Gravity –Force , Gravity -Field , Photons , Dark Matter , and Dark-Energy ,consisting Material Dipoles in inner monad Structures i.e. the Electromagnetic Cycloidal Field of monads. Euclid’s elements consist of assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms , proving many other propositions . Because nobody until [9] succeeded to prove the parallel postulate by means of pure geometric logic , many self-consistent non - Euclidean geometries have been discovered , based on Definitions , Axioms or Postulates , in order that none of them contradicts any of the other postulates . In [39] the only Space-Energy geometry is Euclidean , agreeing with the Physical reality , on unit AB = Segment which is The Electromagnetic field of the Quantized on AB Energy Space Vector , on the contrary to the General relativity of Space-time which is based on the rays of the non-Euclidean geometries to the limited velocity of light and Planck`s cavity . Euclidean geometry elucidated the definitions of geometry-content ,{ for Point , Segment , Straight Line , Plane , Volume, Space [S] , Anti-space [AS] , Sub-space [SS] , Cave, Space-Anti-Space Mechanism of the Six-Triple-Points-Line , that produces and transfers Points of Spaces , Anti-Spaces and Sub-Spaces in a Common Inertial Sub-Space and a cylinder ,Gravity field [MFMF] , Particles } and describes the Space-Energy beyond Plank´s length level [ Gravity Length 3,969.10 ¯ 62 m ] , reaching the Point = L_( v) = e^(i.(Np/2)b=10 ? N= - 8) m = 0 m , which is nothing and zero space .[43-46] -The Geometrical solution of the Special Problems is now presented .

This study examined the computation of the dielectric constant (e’) and dielectric loss factor (e’’) of water and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)at temperature 20oc, 30oc, 40oc and 500C within the frequency range of 0.1=f=13GHz using Debye equations. The Debye equations were derived, and the experimental values of the static dielectric constant (e_s), dielectric constant at high frequency (e_8) and the relaxation time (t) of water and DMSO at those temperatures were substituted into the derived equations and the dielectric constant (e’) and loss factor (e’’) of water and DMSO were computed with aid of maple-13 and results were generated. These results revealed that the method is capable of reproducing good results forwork done using single Debye and that of the reflection cell ofdimethylsulphoxide.

In this paper the densities and dielectric constants for mixed (DMF) – water solvents at 298.15K were accurately measured using densimeter DMA-58 and decameter DK-300 respectively. Different volumes (molar volume VM, Van der Waals volume VW, electrostriction volume Ve and crystal volume VC) for mixed (DMF) – H2O solvents were evaluated from density measurements.

In this paper, a mathematical model and a controller for a DC motor are developed for the construction of an in-wheel motor. In-wheel motors can be used in hybrid electric vehicles to provide traction force of front or rear wheels. The model identification is achieved using a simple and low cost data acquisition system. An Arduino Uno embedded board system is used to collect data from sensors to a computer and for control purposes. Data processing is performed using Matlab/Simulink. Validations of the developed mathematical model and controller performance are carried out by comparing simulation and experimental results. The results obtained show that the mathematical model is accurate enough to assist in speed controller design and implementation.

This study examined the usability of natural dye obtained from tea for dyeing woolly Bayburt Ehram, a traditional weaving, and the effects of natural mordants and chemical mordants on dyeing numerically. Bayburt Ehram is woven from 100% wool fibre. In this study Bayburt Ehram woven of 100% wool fibre was dyed with 15 different concentrations of 3 different mordant substances. Light fastness and washing fastness tests of the samples were done and colour differences and colour productivity calculated using CIE L*a*b colour space system were compared. VIKOR method was used for the optimization of dyeing parameters and step-by-step solution was shown. This is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, and aims to rank and choose the best among many alternatives and enables the decision maker to take a decision using agreeable solutions and acceptable advantage and stability for a multi-criteria problem. It is an alternative and effective method to use for problems. Then ranking was done using GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS (GRA) and TOPSIS method and the results were compared using Spearman rank order correlation test and the most effective method was chosen. The experimental results show that using potassium aluminium sulphate mordant gives the best results in terms of colour difference and colour yield for dyeing the woolly fabric with tea.